In 2025, the crises in Palestine and Sudan – though different in history and visibility – reveal an already emerging trend: the normalisation of instability and the return of military unilateralism, accompanied by a weakening of multilateralism and international law. Both are marked by humanitarian catastrophes and large-scale violence against civilians. The two crises have significant regional repercussions: the Israel–Hamas conflict has rapidly drawn in Lebanon, the occupied West Bank, Yemen/…

The Mediterranean is undergoing a profound geoeconomic realignment that reshapes the balance of power between its shores. While Southern Europe faces long-term stagnation exacerbated by demographic decline and structural rigidities, the economies of the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean, despite political and financial fragilities, are becoming increasingly dynamic, leveraging energy resources, infrastructural corridors, and youthful human capital. The region has become a laboratory of asymm…

In Italy, a country with one of the highest life expectancies in the world, physical inactivity and a sedentary lifestyle are among the main modifiable risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases. In particular, childhood obesity has reached critical levels, with a national average of over 10% among school-age children. The Ministry of Health recommends at least one hour of physical activity per day for all children. EDDAI – Elementari: ogni Dì Divertiamoci con Attività fisica 1 ora – is…

The India–Middle East–Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) represents a transformative infrastructure initiative linking India to Europe via the Gulf, offering a strategic alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. With the Mediterranean serving as its critical junction, IMEC promises to reduce shipping times by up to 40%, integrate green hydrogen pipelines and digital infrastructure, and reshape Eurasian connectivity. However, the corridor’s potential is imperiled by escalating regional con…

This inaugural issue has been called Issue 0 because it includes contributions from the researchers on the History Briefs Scientific Committee, who are affiliated with various institutes within the Department of Social sciences and humanities, cultural heritage (DSU) of the National Research Council (CNR). Issue 0 seeks to express the plurality of visions, methods, and perspectives on history in its various forms (philosophy, philology, archaeology and linguistics, economics), as a guiding princ…

The Mediterranean is emerging as a highly strategic region in the global geoeconomics of energy, characterised by structural asymmetries in dependence on fossil fuels, in the development of renewable energy sources, and in geopolitical positioning. This policy brief analyses the energy profile of MENA countries and Mediterranean Europe, highlighting how the energy transition is uneven across the region and how it requires targeted policies capable of fostering dialogue between public and private…

This paper introduces a novel theory of tax evasion, suggesting that the optimal decision to evade taxes is influenced by agents’ portfolio technologies. The theory argues that evading taxes involves the use of specific production technologies (“hidden technologies”) with returns that differ from those of technologies that require tax compliance (“visible technologies”). As technological progress affects the gap and returns between these types of production technologies, the optimal level of tax…

We study the effect of a tax rebate on tax evasion, in a third – degree price discrimination framework. In such a context, the monopolist contracts with the buyers a price discount, in exchange for not issuing the transaction receipt, hiding sales revenues from tax authority. Buyers in the economy are heterogeneous only in the honesty or tax morale, and keeping the purchase receipt, they are eligible for a tax rebate. We show that a price discrimination strategy will always lead to a reduction i…

This policy brief analyses the relationship between corruption and economic growth in Italy’s twenty regions over the period 1991–2015, focusing on how different forms of corruption affect the effectiveness of public spending. The study here reported (Capasso Santoro, 2025), distinguishes between active corruption—a coercive form in which public officials demand bribes—and passive corruption, a collusive form initiated by private agents seeking preferential treatment. Using econometric technique…

This document presents an integrated approach to Accessible Pathways, conceived as landscape experiences to be enjoyed independently and safely, while addressing the needs of every individual. Landscape accessibility allows people to reach and appreciate cultural and natural sites in line with the principles of participation and equal opportunity, fostering social and cultural dialogue. This approach aligns with the concept of “Tourism for All”, promoting an participatory image of territories an…

From the first steps beyond the atmosphere to today’s most recent developments, human activity in space has achieved extraordinary progress. Rapid innovation in this field ranges from scientific research on celestial bodies and the potential exploitation of their resources, to satellite technologies used for Earth observation and monitoring—tools that are crucial for understanding climate change and the impact of human activities on the environment. This dynamism has opened new economic persp…

The Mediterranean is at the center of increasingly complex energy, environmental, and geopolitical dynamics. The transition to renewable sources, accelerated by the climate crisis and recent conflicts (Ukraine, Israel-Gaza), is intertwined with the urgent need to ensure energy security and regional stability. This policy brief analyzes the structure of energy production and consumption in the region, highlighting how MENA countries remain heavily dependent on fossil fuels, while Europe is growin…